A survey of SBA members for 2010

This article is a survey of the Scottish Beekeepers Association members for 2010

Gauge Five Brane Dynamics And Small Instanton Transitions In Heterotic Models

We present the first examples of cosmological solutions to four-dimensional heterotic models which include an evolving bundle modulus. The particular bundle modulus we consider corresponds to the width of a gauge five brane. As such our solutions can be used to describe the evolution in one of these models after a small instanton transition. We find that certain properties are generic to these solutions, regardless of initial conditions. This enables us to make some definite statements about the dynamics subsequent to a small instanton transition despite the fact that we cannot microscopically describe the process itself. We also show that an effective description of the small instanton transition by a continuous matching of fields and their first derivatives is precluded by the form of the respective low-energy theories before and after the transition.Comment: 16 pages, 3 figure

A comparative analysis of two different analysers used for determination of the Total Organic Carbon in pharmaceutical grade water

Total Organic Carbon (TOC) is a routine test for pharmaceutical grade water. Several manufacturers supply equipment of different designs but there is a dearth of published, peer-reviewed, information evaluating the various analysers. In this study, we compared two TOC analysers, both validated to the same pharmacopoeial criteria, but with different oxidation and detection methods. The results in this paper show that there were no unexplained out-of-specification results and that both analysers operated equivalently in terms of the pharmacopoeial 500ppb pass/fail limits. However, significant differences between the TOC levels reported from paired samples were observed, two paired samples recorded a pass/fail conflict (albeit flagged with an overestimation warning), as well as differences in analyser responses between spiked samples that contained low levels of nitro- and chloro-carbon compounds

Comparative analysis of TOC and conductivity analysers as applied to pharmaceutical water analysis

Pharmaceutical grade water requires the measurement of bioburden, Total Organic Carbon and conductivity. Here we report a comparative analysis from two TOC analysers and two conductivity systems. The TOC analysers showed significantly different results

Debugging Trait Errors as Logic Programs

Rust uses traits to define units of shared behavior. Trait constraints build up an implicit set of first-order hereditary Harrop clauses which is executed by a powerful logic programming engine in the trait system. But that power comes at a cost: the number of traits in Rust libraries is increasing, which puts a growing burden on the trait system to help programmers diagnose errors. Beyond a certain size of trait constraints, compiler diagnostics fall off the edge of a complexity cliff, leading to useless error messages. Crate maintainers have created ad-hoc solutions to diagnose common domain-specific errors, but the problem of diagnosing trait errors in general is still open. We propose a trait debugger as a means of getting developers the information necessary to diagnose trait errors in any domain and at any scale. Our proposed tool will extract proof trees from the trait solver, and it will interactively visualize these proof trees to facilitate debugging of trait errors.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figure

Section I: Gender-Based Violence

This chapter is a transcript of an open-ended discussion that occurred between the authors when they met to discuss the subject matter of the first section of the book, which focuses on areas where serious ongoing problems of gender violence are receiving insufficient attention. The discussion took place after preliminary drafts had been completed and the authors share their thoughts on the subjects they will each discuss in more detail in the following chapters – including the cultural representation of historical gender violence in India, the treatment of women in Japan\u27s sex industry and attitudes towards LGBTQ+ groups in South Africa

A Grounded Conceptual Model for Ownership Types in Rust

Programmers learning Rust struggle to understand ownership types, Rust's core mechanism for ensuring memory safety without garbage collection. This paper describes our attempt to systematically design a pedagogy for ownership types. First, we studied Rust developers' misconceptions of ownership to create the Ownership Inventory, a new instrument for measuring a person's knowledge of ownership. We found that Rust learners could not connect Rust's static and dynamic semantics, such as determining why an ill-typed program would (or would not) exhibit undefined behavior. Second, we created a conceptual model of Rust's semantics that explains borrow checking in terms of flow-sensitive permissions on paths into memory. Third, we implemented a Rust compiler plugin that visualizes programs under the model. Fourth, we integrated the permissions model and visualizations into a broader pedagogy of ownership by writing a new ownership chapter for The Rust Programming Language, a popular Rust textbook. Fifth, we evaluated an initial deployment of our pedagogy against the original version, using reader responses to the Ownership Inventory as a point of comparison. Thus far, the new pedagogy has improved learner scores on the Ownership Inventory by an average of 9% ($N = 342, d = 0.56$).Comment: Published at OOPSLA 202

Factors associated with not testing for HIV and consistent condom use among men in Soweto, South Africa.

BackgroundBesides access to medical male circumcision, HIV testing, access to condoms and consistent condom use are additional strategies men can use to prevent HIV acquisition. We examine male behavior toward testing and condom use.ObjectiveTo determine factors associated with never testing for HIV and consistent condom use among men who never test in Soweto.MethodsA cross-sectional survey in Soweto was conducted in 1539 men aged 18-32 years in 2007. Data were collected on socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics to determine factors associated with not testing and consistent condom use.ResultsOver two thirds (71%) of men had not had an HIV test and the majority (55%, n = 602) were young (18-23). Of those not testing, condom use was poor (44%, n = 304). Men who were 18-23 years (aOR: 2.261, CI: 1.534-3.331), with primary (aOR: 2.096, CI: 1.058-4.153) or high school (aOR: 1.622, CI: 1.078-2.439) education, had sex in the last 6 months (aOR: 1.703, CI: 1.055-2.751), and had ≥1 sexual partner (aOR: 1.749, CI: 1.196-2.557) were more likely not to test. Of those reporting condom use (n = 1036, 67%), consistent condom use was 43% (n = 451). HIV testing did not correlate with condom use.ConclusionLow rates of both condom use and HIV testing among men in a high HIV prevalence setting are worrisome and indicate an urgent need to develop innovative behavioral strategies to address this shortfall. Condom use is poor in this population whether tested or not tested for HIV, indicating no association between condom use and HIV testing

Section II: Gender-Based Violence and the Law

This chapter is a transcript of an open-ended discussion that occurred between the authors when they met to discuss the subject matter of the second section of the book, which focuses on the effectiveness of legal responses to gendered violence. As with the previous introductory dialogue, the discussion takes place after preliminary drafts had been completed, and the authors share their thoughts on the subjects they will each discuss in more detail in the following chapters. These include the impact of cultural and gender bias within the Indian legal system, the insufficient impact of long-overdue reforms in Japan\u27s sexual violence laws and the weaknesses that exist in constitutional protections offered to LGBTQ+ people in South Africa